網頁

▼

Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625) 奧蘭多·吉本斯 (北海道 旭川周邊)

 



奧蘭多·吉本斯（1583–1625）是一位極具影響力的英國作曲家、管風琴家和鍵盤演奏家，因其在文藝復興時期向巴洛克時期過渡期間對音樂的傑出貢獻而聞名。吉本斯出生於牛津的一個音樂世家，在劍橋長大，他以唱詩班成員的身份在劍橋國王學院開始了他的音樂生涯，他的哥哥愛德華當時是唱詩班的指揮。

他很快嶄露頭角，於1605年成為詹姆士一世國王教堂的管風琴師，並一直擔任此職位直至去世。他還曾擔任查爾斯王子（後來的查爾斯一世國王）的鍵盤演奏家，並於1623年被任命為西敏寺的管風琴師，後來他還在詹姆士一世國王的葬禮上演奏。他的同時代人稱讚他為「那個時代最好的手指」和鍵盤樂器（尤其是維吉納琴和管風琴）的「英國最好的手」。

吉本斯的創作體裁多樣，包括神聖合唱音樂（讚美詩和禮拜曲）、古提琴合奏曲、牧歌和鍵盤作品。他是複音音樂的大師，尤其以其對詩篇讚美詩（verse anthem）的發展而著稱，這種形式在獨唱聲部和全合唱段落之間交替，通常由管風琴或古提琴伴奏。雖然他的音樂通常保留了文藝復興時期複雜的複音風格，但它也以其對旋律和歌詞編排的創新方法預示了巴洛克時代的元素。

不幸的是，吉本斯的職業生涯因他於1625年英年早逝而中斷，享年41歲，很可能是中風導致的，當時他正陪同查爾斯一世國王前往多佛會見他的新王后。儘管他生命較短，但他的遺產對英國音樂產生了持久的影響，影響了後來的作曲家，如亨利·普賽爾，他的聖樂至今仍是聖公會禮拜音樂的重要組成部分。

奧蘭多·吉本斯10首著名音樂作品：

  1. 《銀天鵝》（The Silver Swan）：也許是他最著名的牧歌，以其感人的歌詞和優美的複音音樂而聞名。
  2. 《請拍手》（O Clap Your Hands）：一首令人印象深刻的八聲部完整讚美詩，展示了他對合唱創作的精湛技藝。
  3. 《和撒那歸於大衛的子孫》（Hosanna to the Son of David）：另一首著名的完整讚美詩，常在聖週期間演奏。
  4. 《這是約翰的記載》（This is the Record of John）：一首重要的詩篇讚美詩，具有突出的男高音獨唱部分和古提琴合奏伴奏。
  5. 《A小調幻想曲》（Fantasia in A minor）（鍵盤樂器）：他眾多優雅而複雜的鍵盤幻想曲之一，展示了他作為樂器作曲家的才華。
  6. 《索爾茲伯里勳爵的帕凡和加利亞德》（The Lord of Salisbury His Pavan and Galliard）：一首著名的鍵盤作品，通常被稱為「索爾茲伯里勳爵的帕凡」。
  7. 《全能永恆的上帝》（Almighty and everlasting God）：一首廣為人知的完整讚美詩，簡潔而富有表現力。
  8. 《倫敦之歌》（Cries of London）：一首獨特而富有感染力的聲樂與古提琴合奏曲，融入了17世紀倫敦街頭小販的叫賣聲。
  9. 《第二禮拜》（Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis）（聖母讚主曲與西面頌）：一套重要的聖公會禮拜音樂設定，採用「詩篇」風格，因其優美和精湛的工藝而備受推崇。
  10. 《三把古提琴幻想曲，第一號》（Fantasia for 3 Viols, No. 1）：他為古提琴合奏創作的眾多幻想曲之一，展示了他對器樂室內樂的貢獻。



  • 《看啊，我報給你們大喜的信息》（Behold, I bring you glad tidings）：一首重要的聖誕節詩篇讚美詩，展示了吉本斯如何利用獨唱和合唱的對比來創造節慶氣氛。
  • 《抬起你們的頭》（Lift up your heads）：另一首強而有力的八聲部完整讚美詩，基於《詩篇》第24篇，以其宏偉的結構和豐富的和聲著稱。
  • 《如果你們與基督一同復活》（If ye be risen again with Christ）：一首復活節的詩篇讚美詩，歌詞取自《歌羅西書》，旋律優美，情感深沉。
  • 《看哪，道成肉身》（See, see, the Word is incarnate）：一首引人注目的詩篇讚美詩，以其戲劇性的歌詞處理和多聲部配置而聞名。
  • 《阿爾曼：國王之珠》（Alman: The King's Jewel）：吉本斯為鍵盤樂器創作的眾多舞蹈曲之一，充滿了優雅和精緻。
  • 《四聲部幻想曲》（Fantazia of foure parts）：吉本斯最偉大的鍵盤作品之一，同時存在管風琴和維吉納琴的版本，展現了他卓越的對位技巧。
  • 《高貴而強大的上帝》（Glorious and powerful God）：一首感人至深的詩篇讚美詩，常見於教會慶典。
  • 《古提琴六聲部幻想曲》（Fantasia for 6 Viols, No. 1）：吉本斯為古提琴合奏創作的作品，展現了英國器樂合奏音樂的高度發展。
  • 《噢主啊，求你不要在你的忿怒中責備我》（O Lord, in thy wrath rebuke me not）：一首充滿內省和懺悔的完整讚美詩，以其嚴謹的對位和豐富的情感而聞名。

  • 《女王的指令》（The Queen's Command）：一首輕快活潑的鍵盤小品，展示了吉本斯在不同情緒和風格之間的掌控能力。





    • Orlando Gibbons (1583–1625) was an influential English composer, organist, and keyboard player, renowned for his significant contributions to music during the transition from the Renaissance to the Baroque periods. Born into a musical family in Oxford and raised in Cambridge, Gibbons began his musical journey as a chorister at King's College, Cambridge, where his elder brother, Edward, was master of the choristers.

    He quickly rose to prominence, becoming an organist at the Chapel Royal under King James I in 1605, a post he held until his death. He also served as a keyboard player for Prince Charles (later King Charles I) and was appointed organist at Westminster Abbey in 1623, where he later played at the funeral of King James I. His contemporaries hailed him as "the best finger of that age" and "the best hand in England" on the keyboard, particularly the virginal and organ.

    Gibbons's compositions are diverse, encompassing sacred choral music (anthems and services), consort music for viols, madrigals, and keyboard works. He was a master of polyphony and is particularly noted for his development of the verse anthem, which alternates between solo voices and full choir passages, often accompanied by organ or viols. While his music often retained the intricate polyphonic style of the Renaissance, it also foreshadowed elements of the Baroque era with its innovative approach to melody and word setting.

    Sadly, Gibbons's career was cut short by his untimely death in 1625 at the age of 41, likely from apoplexy, while accompanying King Charles I to Dover to meet his new queen. Despite his relatively short life, his legacy had a lasting impact on English music, influencing later composers such as Henry Purcell, and his sacred works remain an integral part of Anglican liturgical music.

    Here are 10 notable musical works by Orlando Gibbons:

    1. The Silver Swan: Perhaps his most famous madrigal, known for its poignant text and beautiful polyphony.
    2. O Clap Your Hands: An impressive 8-part full anthem demonstrating his mastery of choral writing.
    3. Hosanna to the Son of David: Another well-known full anthem, often performed during Holy Week.
    4. This is the Record of John: A significant verse anthem featuring a prominent solo tenor part and viol consort accompaniment.
    5. Fantasia in A minor (for keyboard): One of his many elegant and intricate keyboard fantasias showcasing his skill as a composer for the instrument.
    6. The Lord of Salisbury His Pavan and Galliard: A celebrated keyboard piece, often referred to as "Lord Salisbury's Pavan."
    7. Almighty and everlasting God: A widely performed full anthem, concise yet deeply expressive.
    8. Cries of London: A unique and evocative consort song for voices and viols, incorporating street vendor calls from 17th-century London.
    9. Second Service (Magnificat and Nunc Dimittis): A significant Anglican service setting in the "verse" style, highly regarded for its beauty and craftsmanship.
    10. Fantasia for 3 Viols, No. 1: One of his many fantasias for viol consort, showcasing his contribution to instrumental chamber music.







    at