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[1/6 古典 德國] 「四大德奧小提琴協奏曲」之一 ,G小調第一號小提琴協奏曲,作品26 第一樂章:適度的快板 馬克斯‧布魯赫 (Max Bruch) G小調第一號小提琴協奏曲,作品26 第一樂章:適度的快板 馬克斯‧布魯赫 (Max Bruch) rent a bike roaming in Heidelberg 2022.10.27

 「四大德奧小提琴協奏曲」之一



G小調第一號小提琴協奏曲,作品26 第一樂章:適度的快板 馬克斯‧布魯赫(1838-1920


這部作品是小提琴文獻中最受歡迎的「四大德奧小提琴協奏曲」之一。馬克斯·布魯赫(Max Bruch)雖然一生創作了大量作品,但這首協奏曲的成功幾乎掩蓋了他的其他成就。

以下為您詳細介紹作曲家背景、作品特色以及最受推崇的五個樂段或特點:


關於作曲家:馬克斯‧布魯赫 (Max Bruch)

布魯赫是一位堅守浪漫主義傳統的德國作曲家。在華格納(Wagner)和李斯特(Liszt)追求音樂變革的時代,布魯赫更偏向布拉姆斯(Brahms)那種保守、優美且結構嚴謹的風格。他特別擅長寫作如歌般的旋律,這使得他的音樂具有極強的情感感染力。

關於作品:G小調第一號小提琴協奏曲,Op. 26

這部作品完成於1866年,並由當時的小提琴大師約瑟夫·姚阿幸(Joseph Joachim)協助修訂。姚阿幸曾評價這部作品是「最富於誘惑力、最熱情」的協奏曲。

第一樂章:適度的快板 (Vorspiel: Allegro moderato)

有趣的是,布魯赫將第一樂章標記為 "Vorspiel"(前奏曲)。它打破了傳統協奏曲嚴謹的奏鳴曲式,更像是一個引子,直接引向情感核心的第二樂章。這個樂章充滿了即興色彩,小提琴以雄辯的獨白拉開序幕,情緒在憂鬱與激昂之間交替。




除了舉世聞名的《G小調第一號小提琴協奏曲》外,馬克斯·布魯赫其實留下了許多充滿浪漫色彩的作品。雖然他曾感嘆大眾只記得他的第一號協奏曲,但以下這五部作品在古典音樂界同樣佔有極高的地位:


布魯赫其他最常被提及的 5 部作品

1. 《晚禱》(Kol Nidrei, Op. 47)

這是一首為大提琴與管弦樂團所寫的慢板曲,也是布魯赫最著名的非小提琴作品。

  • 特色: 改編自猶太教在贖罪日所唱的古老希伯來旋律。

  • 聽點: 音色極其深沉、哀慟且富有宗教莊嚴感,將大提琴如人聲般訴說的特質發揮到極致。

2. 《蘇格蘭幻想曲》(Scottish Fantasy, Op. 46)

這部作品同樣是小提琴曲目中的經典,受歡迎程度僅次於第一號協奏曲。

  • 特色: 布魯赫運用了多首蘇格蘭民謠(如《老友記》和《嘿,挺起胸膛的華萊士》)作為素材。

  • 聽點: 編制中加入了豎琴,營造出一種古老、遙遠且帶有北國迷霧感的浪漫氛圍。

3. 《D小調第二號小提琴協奏曲》(Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 44)

雖然知名度不如第一號,但在專業小提琴家心目中,這部作品的情感深度甚至更勝一籌。

  • 特色: 同樣是為大師薩拉沙泰(Pablo de Sarasate)所作。

  • 聽點: 第一樂章並非傳統的快板,而是極其憂鬱的慢板(Adagio),充滿了強烈的戲劇衝突。

4. 《降E大調雙鋼琴協奏曲》(Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, Op. 88a)

這是布魯赫晚年較為罕見但極具代表性的作品。

  • 特色: 展現了布魯赫在處理多件獨奏樂器與管弦樂團之間平衡的高超技巧。

  • 聽點: 音樂風格回歸到早期的浪漫主義,旋律寬廣且氣勢磅礴。

5. 《中提琴與鋼琴的八首樂曲》(Eight Pieces for Clarinet, Viola, and Piano, Op. 83)

這是室內樂領域中的珍寶。

  • 特色: 這種「單簧管、中提琴、鋼琴」的組合非常少見,是受莫札特與舒曼的啟發。

  • 聽點: 由於布魯赫的兒子也是單簧管演奏家,這組作品充滿了親密感與溫暖的室內樂交流,完美體現了德奧晚期浪漫派的細膩。


布魯赫的作品風格總結

作品類別特色旋律代表作
協奏曲絢爛技巧與歌唱性第一號小提琴協奏曲
民謠改編異國風情與民族色彩蘇格蘭幻想曲
冥想曲深沉的宗教感與憂鬱晚禱


In addition to the world-renowned Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Max Bruch left behind a rich body of work characterized by lush romanticism and lyrical beauty. Although he famously lamented that he was "becoming a one-hit wonder" because of his first concerto, the following five works are highly regarded and frequently performed in the classical music world:


5 Other Highly Acclaimed Works by Max Bruch

1. Kol Nidrei, Op. 47

This is a profound work for Cello and Orchestra and is perhaps his most famous piece after the first violin concerto.

  • The Vibe: It is based on ancient Hebrew melodies chanted during the Yom Kippur service.

  • Key Highlight: The music is incredibly solemn, deep, and mournful. It treats the cello like a human voice crying out in prayer, showcasing the instrument's rich, dark resonance.

2. Scottish Fantasy, Op. 46

Another staple of the violin repertoire, this work remains a favorite for soloists worldwide.

  • The Vibe: Bruch was inspired by Scottish folk songs (such as "Auld Rob Morris" and "Scots Wha Hae") despite never having visited Scotland at the time of writing.

  • Key Highlight: The inclusion of a harp creates a nostalgic, misty atmosphere, evoking the landscapes of the Scottish Highlands. It balances folk simplicity with virtuosic violin displays.

3. Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 44

While overshadowed by the first concerto, the second is considered by many violinists to be more emotionally complex and dramatic.

  • The Vibe: Written specifically for the Spanish virtuoso Pablo de Sarasate.

  • Key Highlight: Unlike most concertos, it begins with a very long, somber Adagio instead of a fast movement, focusing on intense storytelling and deep expression.

4. Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, Op. 88a

This is a late-career gem that demonstrates Bruch’s mastery of orchestration and multiple soloists.

  • The Vibe: It has a fascinating history, involving a bit of a "stolen" manuscript mystery with the Sutro sisters (the pianists for whom it was written).

  • Key Highlight: It returns to the grand, heroic style of the mid-19th century, featuring powerful interplay between the two pianos and the full orchestra.

5. Eight Pieces for Clarinet, Viola, and Piano, Op. 83

A treasure in the world of chamber music.

  • The Vibe: Written for his son, Max Felix, who was a talented clarinetist. This combination of instruments is rare and creates a very warm, intimate sound.

  • Key Highlight: These pieces are short, lyrical character sketches that perfectly embody the "Autumnal" style of late German Romanticism—mellow, sophisticated, and deeply felt.


Summary of Bruch's Musical Output

CategoryCharacteristicRecommended Masterpiece
ConcertosVirtuosity meets "singing" melodiesViolin Concerto No. 1
Folk InfluenceExotic and nationalist colorsScottish Fantasy
MeditativeSpiritual depth and melancholyKol Nidrei